Differences Between Exotoxins and Endotoxins

Differences Between Exotoxins and Endotoxins

…Bill Thompson Your comment is correct. The lipopolysaccharide component of Gram negative bacterial cell wall has no enzymatic activity, and is chemically not related to the protein enzyme composition. Bacterial…

Replication of Ebola Virus

Replication of Ebola Virus

complex required for transport) system to mediate host-assisted viral budding. SCRT complexes are normally used by the cell for biological functions involving membrane remodeling, such as intraluminal vesicle formation, autophagy…

Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle Steps by Steps Explanation

Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle Steps by Steps Explanation

…The Citric Acid Cycle. Clackamas Community College. Citric Acid Cycle. Shmoop. Citric Acid Cycle. Gary E. Kaiser. Community College of Baltimore County. The Citric (Krebs) Acid Cycle. University of Michigan. Krebs Cycle. Newcastle…

Endospore Staining- Principle, Reagents, Procedure and Result

Procedure of Endospore Staining

…Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 13124) Negative control: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) References Collin County Community College District Portland Community College ASM Microbe Library: Endospore Stain Protocol Austin Community College Western Michigan University…

Difference Between Mold and Yeast

Difference Between Mold and Yeast

…Sexual Spores. 11 Colorful Molds are very colorful compared to yeast. Yeast are less colorful compared to molds (colorless). 12 Examples Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Trichophyton, etc. Saccharomyces…

Mode of Action of Antifungal Drugs

Mode of Action of Antifungal Drugs

…high affinity for ergosterol present in fungal cell membrane. It then gets combined with the membrane and get inserted into the membrane and several molecules together orient themselves in such…

Biochemical Test and Identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Biochemical Test and Identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae

…I found your answer here: https://www.austincc.edu/microbugz/triple_sugar_iron_agar.php This has a great explanation of both the test and all the results. Biotechie A/A refers to Acid/Acid – Yellow/Yellow Alk/A refers to Alkaline/Acid…

Differences Between Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax

Differences Between Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax

…developing trophozoites Coarse, black, few clumps Fine, Light brown, scattered Late Trophozoite Compact Medium Sized Rarely amoeboid Vacuole inconspicuous. Pleomorphic Large Markedly amoeboid Vacuole prominent. Schizont Small, compact, Single pigmented…

Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis

Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis

…prophase I and metaphase I. 13 Spindle Fibres Disappear completely in telophase. Do not disappear completely in telophase I. 14 Nucleoli Reappear at telophase Do not reappear at telophase I….

Bird Seed Agar for the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans

Bird Seed Agar for the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans

…Atlas and James W. Snyder. Handbook of media for clinical and public health microbiology. CRC Press. 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/CaffeicAcidAgar.htm https://www.labce.com/spg603077_recommended_procedure_for_identification_of_crypto.aspx Thermo Scientific™ Remel™ Birdseed Agar…

Biochemical test for Vibrio cholerae

Biochemical test for Vibrio cholerae

…Nitrate Reduction +ve Oxidase +ve Shape Rods Spore Non-Sporing String Test +ve Urease -ve VP (Voges Proskauer) Variable Fermentation of Adonitol -ve Arabinose -ve Arabitol -ve Cellobiose -ve DNase +ve…

Differences Between B-Cells and T-Cells

Differences between B-Cells and T-Cells

Chi-Ho Chan hierarchy:B-cells are soldiers where T-cells include generals, commanders, officers and even military police. Aurelian Udristioiu In the healthy male and female subjects, the mean concentration of Energy of…

Biochemical Test and Identification of Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis

Basic CharacteristicsProperties (Bacillus anthracis)Capsule Capsulated Catalase Positive (+ve) Gas Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Positive (+ve) Gram Staining Positive (+ve) Hemolysis Negative (-ve) Indole Positive (+ve) Motility Negative (-ve) Nitrate Reduction…

Biochemical Test and Identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Biochemical Test and Identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Basic CharacteristicsProperties (Staphylococcus epidermidis)Capsule Mostly Capsulated Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Coagulase Negative (-ve) Gas Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Positive (+ve) H2S Positive (+ve) Hemolysis…

Biochemical Test and Identification of Streptococcus pyogenes

Test and Identification of Streptococcus pyogenes

Basic CharacteristicsProperties (Streptococcus pyogenes)CAMP Negative (-ve) Capsule Capsulated Catalase Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Gram Positive (+ve) Hemolysis Beta Hemolytic Motility Non-Motile OF (Oxidative-Fermentative) Facultative Anaerobes PYR Positive (+ve) Shape Cocci…

Biochemical Test and Identification of Clostridium difficile

Biochemical Test and Identification of Clostridium difficile

Basic CharacteristicsProperties (Clostridium difficile)Capsule Capsulated Catalase Negative (-ve) Flagella Flagellated Gelatin Hydrolysis Positive (+ve) Gram Staining Positive (+ve) H2S Positive (+ve) Hemolysis Negative (-ve) Indole Negative (-ve) Motility Motile Nitrate…

Biochemical Test and Identification of Shigella flexneri

Biochemical Test and Identification of Shigella flexneri

Basic CharacteristicsProperties (Shigella flexneri)Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Gas Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in KCN Negative (-ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Indole Variable…

Biochemical Test and Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Biochemical Test and Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Basic CharacteristicsProperties (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Gas Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Hemolysis Negative (-ve) Nitrate Reduction Negative (-ve) Oxidase Positive (+ve) Pigment…

Biochemical Test and Identification of Serratia marcescens

Biochemical Test and Identification of Serratia marcescens

Basic CharacteristicsProperties (Serratia marcescens)Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Flagella Positive (+ve) Gas Variable Gelatin Hydrolysis Positive (+ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Indole Negative…

Biochemical Test and Identification of Citrobacter freundii

Biochemical Test and Identification of Citrobacter freundii

Basic CharacteristicsProperties (Citrobacter freundii)Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Flagella Positive (+ve) Gas from glucose Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in…

Biochemical Test and Identification of Enterobacter cloacae

Biochemical Test and Identification of Enterobacter cloacae

Basic CharacteristicsProperties (Enterobacter cloacae)Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Flagella Positive (+ve) Gas from glucose Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in…

Biochemical Test and Identification of Yersinia pestis

Biochemical Test and Identification of Yersinia pestis

Basic CharacteristicsProperties (Yersinia pestis)Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Flagella Non-Flagellated Gas Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in KCN Negative (-ve)…

Biochemical Test and Identification of Streptococcus agalactiae

Biochemical Test and Identification of Streptococcus agalactiae

Basic CharacteristicsProperties (Streptococcus agalactiae)CAMP Positive (+ve) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Negative (-ve) Coagulase Negative (-ve) Flagella Non-flagellated Gram Staining Positive (+ve) Hemolysis Beta Hemolysis Motility Non-motile OF (Oxidative-Fermentative) Facultative anaerobes…